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Proyecto Estuario del Río Negro

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Las Áreas Naturales Protegidas son territorios afectados a protección legal y consagrados al mantenimiento de los procesos ecológicos. En cuanto a conservación atañe, es sencillo conciliar en que se requieren acciones. La gestión de conservación turística consiste en encauzar la apropiación que los usuarios hacen del recurso natural, asegurando su validez para las generaciones venideras.

El turismo sostenible está en crecimiento por el actuar responsable de los visitantes sobre el ambiente.

Sendero de avistaje de aves - Balneario El Cóndor - Viedma
Sendero de avistaje de aves – Balneario El Cóndor – Viedma

A través de la implementación de estudios de capacidad de carga es factible determinar el límite de absorción de impacto de un ecosistema, sin que éste resulte perjudicado. Valiéndose de mecanismos como la delimitación de senderos, balcones miradores, puntos panorámicos, llega a apreciarse el recurso sin inmiscuirse en él. Sin interacción forzosa, el paisaje se compone a partir de un uso racional del espacio. Bien gráfico es el caso del Parque Nacional Nahuel Huapi, donde se inauguró el primer circuito para bicicletas de montaña -determinación afín al deporte y al uso criterioso del área-, el cual atraviesa un sector impactado por un incendio forestal y asiste al proceso de recuperación. La reserva natural sur-bonaerense Bahía Blanca, Bahía Falsa y Bahía Verde representa un sitio históricamente pesquero; aunque en este caso intensos son los esfuerzos por que los visitantes lo identifiquen como área de reserva natural: la caza furtiva, los fuegos no controlados y los depósitos de basura son acciones en detrimento de la salud ambiental. En el departamento de Adolfo Alsina de la Provincia de Río Negro, el proyecto del estuario del río Negro busca desde 2007 la declaratoria como Área Natural Protegida.

La propuesta vislumbra que los usos tradicionales de bajo impacto, contemplado el turismo de playa y la pesca deportiva de costa, transformarían esa región costera en un polo de turismo de naturaleza de jerarquía internacional.

Pescadores en la desembocadura del Río Negro
Pescadores en la desembocadura del Río Negro

En una pequeña superficie, la diversidad de ambientes se traduce en riqueza faunística, incluida en consideración la población más austral del delfín Franciscana, una de las especies de delfines de río más pequeñas y amenazadas de Sudamérica.

Bandada en el mar de El Cóndor
Bandada en el mar de El Cóndor

El área cuenta con 202 especies de aves, y en cercanías al Faro Río Negro, sitios arqueológicos correspondientes a ocupaciones prehispánicas abrigan pisadas propias de aves y mamíferos ya extinguidos que recorrieron el área entre 7 y 4 millones de años antes del presente.

Faro Río Negro
Faro Río Negro

Desde 1924 Argentina goza la creación de áreas protegidas a partir del valor recaído sobre el Nahuel Huapi. La incorporación de estos escenarios al sistema de los Parques Nacionales les otorga jerarquía y aumenta su interés turístico a nivel internacional.

El turismo en espacios protegidos es posible mientras se adecuen los límites de intromisión y uso. Para el estuario del río Negro hay un debate pendiente, en el cual la participación ciudadana esboza un rol primordial.

Texto: Hebe Inés Gazo Iuale

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